The Database of Biomarkers: Depression – Proteomic and Pathway Biomarkers
• Potential Biomarkers:
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway
Detections:
Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers
References:
Christmas DM, Potokar J, Davies SJ. A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:431-9. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S17573. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792309)
• Potential Biomarkers:
The kynurenine pathway
Detections:
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), kynurenine 3 monooxygenase (KMO) and kynurenine amino transferase 3 (KAT III) SNPs
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers
References:
Claes S, Myint AM, Domschke K, Del-Favero J, Entrich K, Engelborghs S, De Deyn P, Mueller N, Baune B, Rothermundt M. The kynurenine pathway in major depression: haplotype analysis of three related functional candidate genes. Psychiatry Res. 2011 Aug 15;188(3):355-60. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.03.012. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492941)
• Potential Biomarkers:
The kynurenine pathway (KP)
Detections:
Kynurenine (KYN) / tryptophan (TRP) ratios
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers for adolescents with melancholic features-major depressive disorder (M-MDD)
References:
Gabbay V, Klein RG, Katz Y, Mendoza S, Guttman LE, Alonso CM, Babb JS, Hirsch GS, Liebes L. The possible role of the kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression with melancholic features. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Aug;51(8):935-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02245.x. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406333)
• Potential Biomarkers:
The CREB1-BDNF-NTRK2 pathway
Detections:
BDNF-rs6265 and CREB1-rs2253206
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers
References:
Juhasz G, Dunham JS, McKie S, Thomas E, Downey D, Chase D, Lloyd-Williams K, Toth ZG, Platt H, Mekli K, Payton A, Elliott R, Williams SR, Anderson IM, Deakin JF. The CREB1-BDNF-NTRK2 pathway in depression: multiple gene-cognition-environment interactions. Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Apr 15;69(8):762-71. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.019. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215389)
• Potential Biomarkers:
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Detections:
Polymorphisms in GSK3beta
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers
References:
Inkster B, Nichols TE, Saemann PG, Auer DP, Holsboer F, Muglia P, Matthews PM. Pathway-based approaches to imaging genetics association studies: Wnt signaling, GSK3beta substrates and major depression. Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 15;53(3):908-17. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.065. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219685)
• Potential Biomarkers:
Neurodegeneration-neurofilament protein light (NFL), amyloid beta-42 (Abeta42), and CSF/serum albumin ratio; T-tau and P-tau
Detections:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers of neuropathological and vascular events in depression etiology vs Alzheimer’s disease
References:
Gudmundsson P, Skoog I, Waern M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Rosengren L, Gustafson D. Is there a CSF biomarker profile related to depression in elderly women? Psychiatry Res. 2010 Apr 30;176(2-3):174-8. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.11.012. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20132991)
Reis T, Brandão CO, Freire Coutinho ES, Engelhardt E, Laks J. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and geriatric depression: preliminary findings from Brazil. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012 Jul;18(7):524-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00311.x. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530600)
• Potential Biomarkers:
Sputum interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and flattened diurnal salivary cortisol slopes
Detections:
Sputum and salivary
Potential Applications:
Diagnostic biomarkers of depression in lung cancer patients
References:
Du YJ, Zhang HY, Li B, Wu X, Lv YB, Jin HL, Cao YX, Sun J, Luo QL, Gong WY, Liu BJ, Wu JF, Shi SX, Dong JC. Sputum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and Salivary cortisol as new biomarkers of depression in lung cancer patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Dec;47:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.004. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969030)
