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Category Archives: Nervous System
The Eight Senses: Touch, Pain, Balance and Kinesthesis
The Eight Senses: Touch, Pain, Balance and Kinesthesis Types Physical stimulus Equipment Sub-Structures Roles of the Brain Theories Touch Cutaneous receptors for stimuli: pressure, vibration, heat, cold, etc. Hair follicle ending (in the skin): for hair displacement Ruffini … Continue reading
Posted in Brain, Psychology
Tagged Balance, cold, Gate control theory, heat, joint, Kinesthesis, mechanoreceptors, Merkel discs, Motion sickness, Muscle, Nociception, Nociceptor, Pain, pressure, Proprioceptors, Ruffini, Senses, somatosensory, tendons, Touch, Vestibular, vibration
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The Eight Senses: Smell and Taste
The Eight Senses: Smell and Taste Types Physical stimulus Equipment Sub-Structures Role of the Brain Theories Olfaction (smell) Chemical molecules in the air Molecules -> inhaled via the nostrils, mouth -> nasal cavity -> olfactory cilia, olfactory epithelium … Continue reading
The Eight Senses: Hearing
The Eight Senses: Hearing Types Physical Stimulus Equipment The Role of the Brain Theories Hearing Sound waves (air pressure changes in compression and expansion through space) features: frequency of cycles (pitch – high/low sounds from vibration rates; hertz … Continue reading
Posted in Brain, Nervous System, Psychology
Tagged auditory, auricle, ear, eardrum, frequency, Hearing, hertz, incus, loudness, malleus, ossicles, Senses, Sound, sound waves, stapes, vestibulocochlear, vibration, voices
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The Eight Senses: Vision
The Eight Senses: Vision Types Physical stimulus Equipments Sub-Structures Role of the Brain Theories Vision Light waves (the electromagnetic spectrum from red to violet visible to the human eyes) Cornea: protection, light-gathering Light -> sclera (white), aqueous … Continue reading
Posted in Brain, Nervous System, Psychology
Tagged color, Cornea, cortex, humor, Iris, light, Optic, Retina, Senses, Trichromatic, Vision, Visual
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Structures and Functions of the Brain
Brain Structures and Functions Main Structures Locations Substructures Subdivisions/Features Functions Brain stem The lowest area of the brain, on the top of the spinal cord; life support structures with neurons for sensory/motor integration Medulla (medulla oblongata) Hindbrain Regulates … Continue reading
Brain Imaging Techniques
Brain Imaging Techniques Imaging Techniques Materials Mechanisms Applications CAT (computerized axial tomography) X-ray pictures taken around the patient Computer-reconstructed pictures in axial slices Brain lesion or tumor detection DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) Similar to MRI Detection of molecular motions … Continue reading
Functions of Neurotransmitters
Functions of Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters Functions Disorders from insufficiency Disorders from oversupply Acetylcholine Memory; muscle movement (contraction) Alzheimer’s disease, dementia Convulsions/spider bite/nerve gas Dopamine Cognition; sensory; movement Parkinson’s disease, sensory deficits, tremors Delusions, hallucinations, methamphetamine addiction Endorphins Suppress pain; improve … Continue reading
Posted in Nervous System
Tagged Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Endorphins, GABA, Glutamate, Neurotransmitters, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Substance P
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Central Nervous System Communication: Neurons and Glia
Central Nervous System Communication: Neurons and Glia Cells/structures Types Functions Features Neurons Sensory neurons Transform physical energy -> sense messages -> the brain Compose the afferent tracts of the nervous system Motor neurons Transmit information from the brain -> … Continue reading
Posted in Nervous System
Tagged Astrocyte, Axons, Glia, glial cells, Gray Matter, Myelin, Neurons, White matter
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